Tuesday, April 7, 2015
Cowspiracy: As California Faces Drought, Film Links Meat Industry to Water Scarcity & Climate Change
As California experiences a massive drought, we examine the
overlooked link between water shortages, climate change and meat
consumption. With some 98 percent of the state suffering from a water
crisis, California Gov. Jerry Brown ordered residents and businesses to
cut water use by 25 percent. It is the first mandatory statewide
reduction in California’s history. One group not facing restrictions is
big agriculture, which uses about 80 percent of California’s water.
According to The Pacific Institute, 47 percent of a Californians’ water
footprint is in meat and dairy products. We are joined by Kip Andersen
and Keegan Kuhn, directors of the documentary, "Cowspiracy: the
Sustainability Secret." The film contends livestock is the leading cause
of deforestation, water consumption and pollution despite many
environmental organizations’ relative silence on the issue.
Image Credit: cowspiracy.com
This is a rush transcript. Copy may not be in its final form.
AARON MATÉ: One of
the worst droughts in decades continues to ravage California. Some 98
percent of the state is now suffering from a water crisis. Last week,
California Governor Jerry Brown ordered residents and businesses to cut
water use by 25 percent. It’s the first mandatory statewide reduction in
California’s history. One group not facing restrictions is big
agriculture, which uses about 80 percent of California’s water. Some
have criticized Brown for not capping water usage by corporate farms
that grow water-intensive crops such as almonds, pistachios, and alfalfa
hay which is exported to China to help feed the country’s growing herd
of dairy cows. A recent documentary looks at the link between climate
change and livestock. The documentary is called, "Cowspiracy: the
Sustainability Secret." It contends livestock is the leading cause of
deforestation, water consumption and pollution despite many
environmental organizations’ relative silence on the issue. This is part
of the film’s trailer.
DR. RICHARD OPPENLANDER: There is suppression and mismanagement of information everywhere. It abounds.
INTERVIEWEE 1: It starts at the local level, but then it goes all the way to Congress.
INTERVIEWEE 2: When you consider the devastation it’s having on our planet as well as the oceans.
DR. WILL TUTTLE: We’re in the middle of the largest mass extinction of species in 65 million years.
INTERVIEWEE 3: They can dictate the federal policies because they have so much political power.
WILL POTTER:
One of the largest industries on the planet, the biggest environment
impact, trying to keep us in the dark about how it is operating.
DR. WILL TUTTLE: That’s the one thing no one talks about. You know, everybody goes around and —
RECORDED VOICE:
Unfortunately, we are no longer able to fund your film project. We had a
meeting and due to the growing controversial subject matter we have
some concerns and have to pull out.
WILL POTTER: You’re going up against people who have massive legal resources and you have nothing.
INTERVIEWEE 3: A lot of
people just keep their mouth shut because they don’t want to, they don’t
want to be the next one with a bullet to their head.
AMY GOODMAN:
That was part of the trailer for the recent documentary, "Cowspiracy:
the Sustainability Secret." According to The Pacific Institute, 47
percent of a Californian’s water footprint is in meat and dairy
products. For more, we go now to San Francisco, California where we’re
joined by Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn. They are the award-winning
directors of the documentary film. Kip Andersen and Keegan Kuhn, welcome
to Democracy Now! Talk about what is causing the drought in California and what you have documented, you believe contributes so much to it.
KEEGAN KUHN:
You know, the drought in California is being caused primarily from
climate change and there is not enough rainfall. Average rainfall has
decreased. But really what we’re dealing with is water shortage, not
only just a drought. California is using more water than it actually has
available to it. And as you said, 47 percent of a California’s water
footprint is made up in meat and dairy products. So these are very water
intensive products, and that Californians and Americans are consuming
which, again, is exacerbating the already drought conditions.
AARON MATÉ: And Keegan, how does livestock compare to other environmental dangers like fracking, for example?
KEEGAN KUHN:
You know, fracking is a great example. Fracking gets a lot of attention
because of water use. Fracking uses about 100 billion gallons of water
every year in the U.S., which is a tremendous amount of water, but
animal agriculture uses in excess of 34 trillion gallons. So it’s
magnitudes greater. And then again the emissions that come from animal
agriculture are about equal to natural gas and petroleum production. So
it’s an issue that is vastly more destructive when it comes to water
consumption, water pollution, and even emissions.
AMY GOODMAN:
Let’s go to a clip from "Cowspiracy." Here our guest, Kip Anderson, the
film’s Co-director, explains how much water goes into producing a
hamburger.
KIP ANDERSON:
I found out that one quarter pound hamburger requires over 660 gallons
of water to produce. Here I’ve been taking the short showers trying to
save water and to find out just eating one hamburger is equivalent of
showering two entire months. So much attention is given to lowering our
home water use, yet domestic water use is only 5 percent of what is
consumed in the U.S. versus 55 percent for animal agriculture. That’s
because it takes upwards of 2500 gallons of water to produce one pound
of beef. I went on the government’s Department of water resources save
our water campaign where it outlines behavior changes to help conserve
our water like using low flow shower heads, efficient toilets, water
saving appliances, and fix leaky faucets and sprinkler heads, but
nothing about animal agriculture. When added up, all of the government’s
recommendations, I was saving 47 gallons a day but still that is not
even close to the 660 gallons of water for just one burger.
AMY GOODMAN:
That’s Kip Andersen in the film "Cowspiracy." Kip is with us as well,
in San Francisco. So how does the mandate, the 25 percent decrease in
water, affect — does it affect animal agriculture, as you call it?
KIP ANDERSON:
It actually doesn’t affect animal agriculture. It’s placing
restrictions on people using —- on not watering their lawns and doing
anything you can. You go to restaurants and you have to ask for water,
simple things like this, taking short showers. And another thing we
mentioned later in the film is that to produce one gallon of milk takes
1000 gallons of water. So rather than -—
AMY GOODMAN: Why is that?
KIP ANDERSON: — being concerned about having one glass of water, let’s cut down on the dairy as well.
AMY GOODMAN: Why is that? Why does it take that much water?
KIP ANDERSON:
It takes that much water because the animals have to be fed grains or
feed of some type. Alfalfa is an incredibly water-intensive crop.
Actually uses — alfalfa which is fed primarily to livestock — uses 10
percent of all of California’s water — or 15 percent, excuse me. So the
water footprint that’s embedded in the products that the animals are
eating goes on to animal product and then on to the consumer. So again,
looking at a pound of beef in California takes from 2500 to 8000 gallons
of water to produce. These are extremely water intensive products.
AMY GOODMAN:
Well, in this clip from "Cowspiracy," we hear from a Dr. Richard
Oppenlander and Dr. Will Tuttle. They described how animal agriculture
is leading to the extension of species and destruction of large swaths
of forested land.
DR. RICHARD OPPENLANDER:
Concerned researchers of the loss of species agree that the primary
cause of loss of species on earth that we are witnessing is due to
overgrazing and habitat loss from livestock production on land and by
overfishing, which I call phishing in our oceans.
DR. WILL TUTTLE:
We are in the middle of the largest mass extinction of species in 65
million years. The rain forest is being cut down at the rate of an acre
per second and the driving force behind all of this is animal
agriculture, cutting down the forests to graze animals and grow
soybeans, genetically engineered soybeans to feed to the cows and pigs
and chickens and factory farmed fish.
AARON MATÉ:
Keegan, can you comment on this, how livestock actually contributes to
the extinction of other parts of the species on a mass scale?
KEEGAN KUHN:
You know, it’s the the destruction that’s happening to the entire
ecosystems, as Dr. Tuttle says, massive areas of the rain forest,
Amazonian rain forest, being cleared for cow production. They look at up
to 91 percent of Amazon destruction is linked to animal agriculture in
some way, whether clearing land to create grazing or for growing soy and
corn that is then fed to those livestock. But it’s also — when you look
in the United States, we have public land grazing where animals are
grazed on federal lands and those animals then compete with native fauna
for vegetation and then they’re also predated on by wolves and coyotes,
bears and bobcats. And so the ranchers put pressure on government
officials to exterminate. And that’s why we’ve seen a decrease in wolf
population and why wolves are being targeted because of their threat or
perceived threat to the cattle industry.
AMY GOODMAN:
You know, there’s been a lot of discussion about the amount of water it
takes to grow almonds. Can you talk about how meat consumption compares
to vegetable consumption of water?
KEEGAN KUHN:
Absolutely. Ten percent of all water in California is used for almonds,
which is a tremendous amount of water. But again, just alfalfa alone, a
crop that is not consumed by human beings, that is fed for livestock,
consumes 15 percent. California produces 82 percent of the world’s
entire almonds. This is — again 10 percent of California’s water is
feeding the 82 percent of the world’s almond demands. And the other
important fact is that Americans aren’t consuming, and Californians in
particular, aren’t consuming nine ounces of almonds per day, which is
not the case for animal agriculture. Animal products we’re consuming
nine ounces per person per day in the United States. Again the water
footprint is vastly greater because of the quantity that we are actually
consuming. It takes about 1500 gallons of water to produce a pound of
almonds, which is a tremendous amount of water. But again it’s the
quantity that we’re actually consuming.
AMY GOODMAN:
I want to ask you about the response of environmental groups to your
argument. In "Cowspiracy," you interview members of some of the nation’s
leading environment or groups. When you ask them, what is the leading
cause of environmental degradation, most declined to comment at any
length.
ANN NOTTHOFF: The leading cause of environmental degradation is, um —
BRUCE HAMILTON: We need to address that as well.
KAMYAR GUIVETCHI: It is not up to the Department of Water Resources.
CHAD NELSEN: It is hard to actually target one thing.
LINDSEY ALLEN: I don’t necessarily know what it is.
AARON MATÉ:
That’s a clip from "Cowspiracy." Kip, your assessment of how the
environmental groups have handled this issue of livestock’s effect on
the environment?
KIP ANDERSON:
It is frustrating. That’s where the film took a turn for — looking to
these organizations to tell us the answers and what they’re doing about
this. And to find out they’re really not doing anything. You go onto
these organizations’ websites and their mission statements and they
don’t mention the greatest destruction across the board. It is like
one-stop shop for nearly every single environmental destruction that’s
happening today is from this one industry, and yet you do not hear about
this or they don’t want to talk about this. And the interviews we have
in the film, a lot of people, when they see them they’re laughing, but
if it’s not so serious it would be a lot more humorous. But it is, it’s
very serious. And these are the organizations we have to look at to step
up and tell the truth, just to share the information of what’s really
going on.
AMY GOODMAN:
I want to turn to Will Potter who reports on animal rights and
environmental movements. He’s the author of, "Green is the New Red: An
Insider’s Account of a Social Movement Under Siege." In this clip from
your film, "Cowspiracy," Will Potter discusses the government’s
repression of animal rights activists.
WILL POTTER:
The animal agriculture industry is one of the most powerful industries
on the planet. I think most people in this country are aware of the
influence of money and industry on politics, and we really see that
clearly on display with this industry in particular. Most people would
be shocked to learn that animal rights and environmental activists are
the number one domestic terrorism threat according to the FBI.
INTERVIEWER: And why is that?
WILL POTTER:
It’s a difficult question to answer, why these groups are at the top of
the FBI’s priorities. I think a big part of it is that they, more than
really any other social movements today, are directly threatening
corporate profits.
AMY GOODMAN:
That’s will Potter in the film, "Cowspiracy." And Keegan, if you could
respond to that and end with why you call the film "Cowspiracy."
KEEGAN KUHN:
There is a tremendous amount of repression activists face for blowing
the whistle against this industry. There is a series of ag-gag laws that
have been passed around the U.S. that criminalize exposing the
atrocities being committed against animals and the environment on
factory farms. And this is because the government and this industry work
hand-in-hand oftentimes. The government — this industry is so powerful,
it can put pressure on Congress to pass legislation that doesn’t
benefit consumers and only benefits the industry. We joked around about
the title "Cowspiracy" for a while because it just seemed so ridiculous
that nobody would talk about this issue. But you know, it really starts
to come out and it’s something we explore in the film in depth that this
issue is so rooted in so many environmental ills, as Kip said, no
matter what issue you care about, whether it’s ocean dead zones, species
extinction, habitat destruction, rain forest distraction, literally
the list goes on and on, animal agriculture is at the forefront of the
issue. Why aren’t these organizations talking about it? And again, it’s
something that we explore in depth in the film. And we really encourage
people to go to our website, cowspiracy.com, to find out more and to
look at all of the facts. We have a fact sheet on our website,
cowspiracy.com, that has all of the information that we used in the
film.
AMY GOODMAN:
Well, I want to thank you both, Keegan Kuhn and Kip Andersen,
award-winning directors of the documentary film "Cowspiracy: the
Sustainability Secret."
“Give me a glass ball, a crystal ball, then I would know but I don’t know what nature has for us.”
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